History of the Kingdom of Alhambra ||| Spanyol

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Alhambra history
Alhambra (/ l ˈ h m b r /  ( listen  ) , Spanish:   [ aˈlambɾa  ] ; Arabic :  الْحَمْرَاء , romanized : Al  -Ḥamrāʾ ,  pronounced , and  a fortress [ ]alamlitˈra) which is located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain. The complex was started in 1238 by Muhammad I Ibn al-Ahmar, the first Nasrid emir. It was built on the hill of Sabika, an outcrop of Sierra Nevada that had been the site of the earlier fortifications and 11th-century palace of Samuel ibn Naghrillah. Later the Nasrid rulers continued to modify the site. The most significant construction campaign, which gave the Comares Palace (or Myrtles Palace) and Lion Palace their definitive character, occurred in the 14th century during the reigns of Joseph I and Muhammad V. After the end of the Christian Reconquista in 1492, the site became the Royal Palace of Ferdinand and Isabella (where Christopher Columbus received royal support for his expeditions), and part of the palace was converted in the Renaissance style. In 1526, Charles I of Spain commissioned a new Renaissance palace more fitting for the Holy Roman Emperor in a revolutionary Mannerist style influenced by humanist philosophy that was directly juxtaposed with Andalusian Nasrid architecture, but was never completed due to the Morisco rebellion in Granada. The last Alhambra of the Islamic palace was built for the last Muslim emir in Spain during the decline of the Nasrid dynasty, which was increasingly subject to the Christian kings of Castile. After being left in disrepair for centuries, the building occupied by squatters, the Alhambra was rediscovered after the defeat of Napoleon I, who had retaliated for the destruction of the site. The first rediscoverers were British intellectuals and then other northern European Romantic travelers. It is now one of Spain's main tourist attractions, exhibiting the country's most significant and well-known Islamic architecture, along with intervening 16th century and later Christian buildings and gardens. The Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


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